Who is liberator of indian press

When was the Human Development Report published for the first time? Which of the following is one of the criteria of the UNDP for measuring development that is also used by the World Bank in classifying different countries?

Underemployment occurs when people:. The total income of the country divided by its total population is termed as? Who among the following is known as Father of Economics? Who was crowned champion of the US Open? Testbook Edu Solutions Pvt. Our Apps. Introduced Civil Services in our country.

Established postal system Started the first railway line from Bombay to Thane in Introduced the Doctrine of Lapse and captured Satara , Udaipur , Jhansi and Nagpur Established public works department Established engineering college at Roorkee. He was the youngest governor-general of India. Lord Metcalfe Passed the famous Press Law, which liberated the press in India. And this effort of Hickey laid the foundation of press in India. The evolution of Indian Press is discussed below:.

It was enacted by the Lord Wellesley, anticipating French invasion of India. It imposed almost wartime press restrictions including pre-censorship which was later relaxed by the Lord hasting.

It was enacted by the John Adams. According to this regulation, press without licence was a penal offence. The restriction was directed mainly to Indian language newspapers or those edited by the Indians. A brief history of the Student Movements in India. This act imposed licensing restriction and the right to stop publication and circulation of book, newspaper or printed matter reserved with the Government.

For any offence of discussing any of the subjects prohibited by law, the editor or publisher was liable to lose the licence. The following sections set out the Indian response to the Press Ordinance, mainly directed by Rammohun Roy — , who is less known for his contribution to Indian journalism than for his reformist initiatives in the realm of religion, education and social awareness in particular, for his campaign to abolish sati or widow burning.

Roy—easily one of the foremost examples of an "argumentative Indian" Sen —often engaged in lengthy debates with Baptist missionaries and used his polemical skills to oppose the Press Ordinance. Adam's Press Ordinance was submitted to the court on 15 March , and two days later, Rammohun Roy and four others submitted a memorial, asking the court to hear objections against it.

The memorial discussed in a logical manner the general principles on which the claim of freedom of the press was based in all modern countries, and recalled the contribution Indians had made to the growth of British rule. It created a sensation at the time and came to be described as the "Aeropagitica of Indian history" Collet , , italics in original.

The memorial pointed out the aversion of Hindus to undertaking an oath because of "invincible prejudice against making a voluntary affidavit, or undergoing the solemnities of an oath". Using the rhetorical strategy of professing loyalty and attachment of the Indians to British rule, the memorialists wrote that they were "extremely sorry" to note that the new restrictions would put a "complete stop" to the diffusion of knowledge, promoting social progress, and keeping government informed about public opinion.

It pointed out that the natives "cannot be charged with having ever abused" freedom of the press in the past, and went on to audaciously state:. The memorial was read in court, but the judge, Francis Macnaghten, dismissed it, but admitted that before the Press Ordinance was entered or its merits argued in court, he had pledged to the government that he would sanction it.

The ordinance was registered in the court on 4 April The memorial was much appreciated but failed to prevent the ordinance from becoming law. The only other recourse Roy and his group had was to appeal to the King-in-Council in London. Over 55 numbered and lengthy paragraphs, Roy repeated the opposition to the Press Ordinance.

Continuing the rhetorical strategy of mixing fulsome praise with caution, warning and criticism, the second memorial recalled world history and put it to the King:. Collet , A key aspect of the memorial was Roy's recall of Mughal history and the akhbarat newsletters system instituted during their rule. In two paragraphs 43 and 50 , the memorial regretted the new press restrictions, made veiled criticism of British rule and stated:.

Collet , , — Roy took another daring step at the time: closing his Persian journal, and setting down the reasons for doing so in its last edition. In the final issue, he set out the reasons for doing so:. Under these circumstances, I, the least of all the human race, in consideration of several difficulties, have, with much regret and reluctance, relinquished the publication of this Paper Mirat-ool-Ukhbar.

The difficulties are these:. First—Although it is very easy for those European Gentlemen, who have the honour to be acquainted with the Chief Secretary to Government, to obtain a License according to the prescribed form; yet to a humble individual like myself, it is very hard to make his way through the porters and attendants of a great Personage; or to enter the doors of the Police Court, crowded with people of all classes, for the purpose of obtaining what is in fact, already [?

Unnecessary] in my own opinion. As it is written—. Secondly—To make Affidavit in an open court, in presence of respectable Magistrates, is looked upon as very mean and censurable by those who watch the conduct of their neighbours. Besides, the publication of a newspaper is not incumbent upon every person, so that he must resort to the evasion of establishing fictitious Proprietors, which is contrary to Law, and repugnant to Conscience.

Thirdly—After incurring the disrepute of solicitation and suffering the dishonour of making Affidavit, the constant apprehension of the License being recalled by Government which would disgrace the person in the eyes of the world, must create such anxiety as entirely to destroy his peace of mind, because a man, by nature liable to err, in telling the real truth cannot help sometimes making use of words and selecting phrases that might be unpleasant to Government.

I, however, here prefer silence to speaking out:.